Fuzzy Hashing and ssdeep - provides hash values for files that are similar if the files themselves are also similar. Can be used to find partially identical files (e.g. code reuse in source code or different versions of a document, etc.).
Home of pHash, the open source perceptual hash library - perceptual hashing provides similar hashes for visually similar files. So something like fuzzy hashing for images or movies. For example, phashes of images change only minimally if the image is minimally changed. The larger the difference in the images, the larger the difference in the hashes.
Culture Minister criticizes ARD smartphone apps - So, Mr. Naumann thinks that the public broadcaster has the task of supporting the stupid strategy of the Springer publishing house? What a ridiculous idea is that? We pay fees for the public broadcaster and, as fee payers, we certainly have an interest in receiving the broadcaster we finance on devices we use. Whether the Springer nonsense will be a success or not is completely irrelevant to me. But it has always been like this: on the one hand, complaining about subsidies and how terrible everything is, and on the other hand, more or less covertly supporting one's own friends diligently. You probably have to give something back to those who pay you the bribes from time to time? But why a culture minister would throw himself into the breach for something as uncultured as the Springer press ...
MLton Standard ML Compiler (SML Compiler) - MLton is required for Ur/Web, and conveniently, there is a binary download for OS X that works quite well if you have the GnuMP library installed via MacPorts (you can also install the mhash library from there, which is another prerequisite for Ur/Web). MLton is also an interesting project in its own right, as it is a standalone compiler for ML that has very good optimizations (though it also has extreme compilation times for the compiler).
Ocsigen - looks like something comparable to Ur/Web, which is based on the OCaml toolchain and the OCaml language. OCaml has some very nice properties, so this could also be interesting. However, the project gives more of a modular impression with several interoperating parts, and it remains to be seen how well the integration is. What excites me about Ur/Web is the fact that I can really put together a web application with just a handful of files, without much overhead. Also, installing Ur/Web from the source is simpler due to the small number of dependencies. On the other hand, Ocsigen is directly available in Debian, which of course makes the installation much easier.
The Ur Programming Language Family - interesting functional programming language with integrated XML templating and persistence. The goal is to write the entire interactive web application in one language. Data model in the same language as templates. All secured with type declarations and type inference - for example, there is a functor that automatically generates a complete administration interface for a table defined in Ur, with protection against code injection and other common attack scenarios. The language itself is very strongly oriented towards ML, but adopts some features from Haskell (specifically the monads and the more powerful type system). In some points, it reminds me strongly of Scala in terms of ideas - good embedded languages for SQL and HTML combined with a powerful functional language. However, the Ur compiler directly generates object code (and JavaScript for the client side) and not code for a virtual machine. And the runtime has no garbage collection, but memory management derived from the code (which makes memory behavior more deterministic). The whole thing is based on MLTon, a very well-optimizing ML compiler. Somehow, much of the project reminds me of Django - only not dynamically typed, but statically. Could be quite interesting.
Web Authoring System Haskell (WASH) - just for completeness, also linked, it is comparable to Ur/Web and Ocsigen, only with Haskell. But it somehow seems even more piecemeal than cohesive.